The course includes topics like the relationships among the uses and speakers of various languages in multilingual societies, the relationship between language and social identity, language maintenance and shift, language policy and planning, and language and education, including bilingual education.

The course examines philosophical and ethical questions related to sexuality. We will begin by analyzing the nature of sex, discussing a range of theories of sex including sex as essentially connected to reproduction, sex as a language or expression of love, "plain sex" theories that regard pleasure and desire as essential, and sexuality as a social construct. Then, we will consider more closely the ethics of sexual behaviour. Here we will examine concepts such as perversion and objectification, in particular under the lights of long-standing ethical traditions such as natural law theory, Kantianism, utilitarianism and feminism. In the final part of the course we will examine more specific ethical issues, such as the nature of sexual consent, pornography, and the rights of the disabled to sexual satisfaction. During the lectures we will go through the main concepts and arguments which will be necessary in order to comprehend and discuss the texts to be studied for the seminars.

Philosophical ethics has mostly focused on what is right and wrong in relationships between human adults and has taken this as the starting point for thinking about relationships with other kinds of moral agents and patients. This course takes a different focus since it addresses ethical questions involved in our relationship with moral agents and patients whose life stage (young, elderly), remoteness (very distant future generations), or different biological nature (non-human animals, the environment) raises special issues at the level of both individual and societal action.

The ethics of animal research is one of the cornerstones of natural and medical sciences, and without this knowledge, the education received in the university remains incomplete. This statement is not an exaggeration and animal research ethics is one of those critical topics that almost every person involved in natural or medical sciences comes into contact in his professional work. There are different ethical positions about the methods used in animal research and a student should know these in order to make a well-considered decision whether to use methods for animal studies that require animal killing (still a rather common practice) or to choose methods that do not require such cruelty. This is crucial. During the course, the core issues in animal research ethics and various methods that allow animal studies to be carried out without killing animals are introduced. The number of such methods has grown considerably in recent years and can replace many old-fashioned cruel methods. Based on the knowledge gained from the course, each student can formulate his or her own position and make a choice, which methods to use. Thus, the course on animal research provides the necessary background knowledge on which the student can make a well-considered decision.

The course consists of the following parts. In the first part, students will get familiar with the theoretical and conceptual toolbox to understand the electoral process at the EUropean level and the electoral dynamics of suprantional democracy. In the second part, an in-depth historical overview of the part EU elections is undertaken from a comparative perspective in order to identify and critically unpack key actors and factors. In the third part, students will make sense of the forthcoming 2024 EU elections by looking at party programmes, national debates, and patterns of alliance/coalition and competition.

The main task of the course " European Union Green Deal" is to introduce the aim and main targets of the European Green Deal and related policies. In this course, main policy areas, motivation, and support mechanisms will be highlighted in addition to understanding the concept of climate neutrality and mechanisms of natural and possibly human-caused environmental changes. The main areas and possible activities in Estonia to support the Deal will be discussed. Future demand for technological natural resources and the basics of their economics will be highlighted.